The effect of immediate surgical bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate on prostatic hyperplasia with acute urinary retention / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

In the present study, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of immediate surgical bipolar plasmakinetic transurethral resection of the prostate (PK-TURP) for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with acute urinary retention (AUR). We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinical data of BPH patients who received PK-TURP. A total of 1126 BPH patients were divided into AUR (n = 348) and non-AUR groups (n = 778). After the urethral catheters were removed, the urine white blood cell (WBC) count in the AUR group significantly increased compared with the non-AUR group (P < 0.01). However, there was no significant difference in international prostate symptom score, painful urination, and maximal urinary flow rate. The duration of hospitalization of the AUR group was longer than that of the non-AUR group (P < 0.001). A total of 87.1% (303/348) patients in the AUR group and 84.1% (654/778) patients in the non-AUR group completed all of the postoperative follow-up visits. The incidence of urinary tract infection in the AUR group within 3 months after surgery was significantly higher than that in the non-AUR group (P < 0.01). The incidence of temporary urinary incontinence in the AUR group did not exhibit significant difference. During 3-12 months after surgery, there were no significant differences in major complications between the two groups. Multivariate regression analyses showed that age, postvoid residual, maximal urinary flow rate, diabetes, and hypertension, but not the presence of AUR, were independent predictors of IPSS post-PK-TURP. In conclusion, immediate PK-TURP surgery on patients accompanied by AUR was safe and effective.

Causes of orchiectomy: An analysis of 291 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the causes of orchiectomy in different age groups.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data about 291 cases of orchiectomy performed between March 1993 and October 2014 and analyzed the causes of surgery and their distribution in different age groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The main causes of orchiectomy were testicular torsion (45.8%), cryptorchidism (32.5%) and testicular tumor (16.9%) in the patients aged 0-25 years, testicular tumor (42.4%), cryptorchidism (25.9%) and tuberculosis (10.6%) in those aged 26-50 years. Prostate cancer was the leading cause in those aged 51-75 years (77.6%) or older (84.0%)), and testicular tumor was another cause in the 51-75 years old men (10.2%). Prostate cancer, testicular tumor, cryptorchidism, and testicular torsion were the first four causes of orchiectomy between 1993 and 2009. From 2010 to 2014, however, testicular tumor rose to the top while prostate cancer dropped to the fourth place.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The causes of orchiectomy vary in different age groups. The proportion of castration for prostate cancer patients significantly reduced in the past five years, which might be attributed to the improvement of comprehensive health care service.</p>

Roles of adenosine and cytokines in the prostate tissue of rats with acute bacterial prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the possible roles of adenosine and the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in the pathogenesis of acute bacterial prostatitis (ABP) in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight male Wistar rats were randomly divided into groups A (ABP), B (ABP + theophylline intervention), C (sham) and D (blank control). ABP models were established by injecting Escherichia coli 0157 into the prostate, and those in group B were treated by intraperitoneal injection of theophylline immediately after modeling. At 4 and 14 days, the prostate tissues of the rats were collected for detection of the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-10 by immunohistochemistry and the concentration of adenosine by high-performance liquid chromatography.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 4 and 14 days, the concentrations of adenosine were significantly higher in group A ([48.38 +/- 17.27] and [26.54 +/- 11.22] microg/g) than in C ([0.45 +/- 0.25] and [0.46 +/- 0.29] microg/g) and D ([0.41 +/- 0.23] and [0.43 +/- 0.27] microg/g) (P < 0.05), and so were the expressions of TNF-alpha in A (0.23 +/- 0.08 and 0.21 +/- 0.03) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.01) and D (0.07 +/- 0.06 and 0.07 +/- 0.06) (P < 0.05), and those of IL-10 in A (0.13 +/- 0.03 and 0.25 +/- 0.01) than in C (0.07 +/- 0.03 and 0.07 +/- 0.03) and D (0.07 +/- 0.01 and 0.07 +/- 0.02) (P < 0.05). Compared with group A, the rats in group B showed significant increases at 4 and 14 days in the severity of inflammation, concentration of adenosine ([86.64 +/- 32.87] and [51.17 +/- 22.96] microg/g, P < 0.05) and expression of TNF-alpha (0.37 +/- 0.08 and 0.32 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05), but exhibited no remarkable difference in the expression of IL-10 (0.12 +/- 0.06 and 0.15 +/- 0.06, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Adenosine may affect the progression of inflammation by regulating the expressions of the cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-10 in ABP rats through the adenosine receptor signaling pathway.</p>

Low-dose tadalafil for erectile dysfunction following pelvic fracture-induced urethral injury: clinical observation of 42 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy of daily low-dose tadalafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) following pelvic fracture-induced urethral injury (PFUI).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the length of time between pelvic fracture and the patients' clinic visit, we divided 42 PFUI-caused ED patients into groups A (< 1 month), B (6-24 months) and C (> 24 months). We treated them with tadalafil at 5 mg daily for 12 weeks consecutively, followed by evaluation of the therapeutic effect using IIEF-5 questionnaire and Sexual Encounter Profile (SEP) diaries.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirty-four patients (83.3%) completed the investigation and all responded well to tadalafil medication. Group A showed significant differences from B and C in the increase of IIEF-5 scores and the positive rate of SEP.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Daily low-dose tadalafil helps penile rehabilitation in ED patients following PFUI, and the earlier the medication is initiated, the better the effect will be.</p>

Distribution of HoxA13 in the prepuce and urethral plate in different types of hypospadias and its implication / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of the HoxA13 gene from the HOX family in the development of hypospadias by detecting the transcription and expression of HoxA13 in the prepuce and urethral plate of hypospadias patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected the tissues from the prepuce and urethral plate of 30 hypospadias patients aged 3.3 - 11.6 years, the prepuce of 10 phimosis children aged 3.1 - 10.4 years and the urethra of 10 penile carcinoma patients aged 48.1 - 75.6 years with no urethral involvement, the latter 20 taken as controls. We divided the tissue samples into a distal, an intermedial, a proximal and a control group, and detected the expressions of HoxA13 mRNA and protein in different groups by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>RT-PCR showed that the HoxA13 mRNA expressions in the prepuce and urethral plate were significantly higher in the control group (1.409 +/- 0.441 and 1.270 +/- 0.209) than in the intermedial (0.848 +/- 0.338 and 0.684 +/- 0.228) and proximal group (0.497 +/- 0.218 and 0.464 +/- 0.164) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and so were they in the distal (1.071 +/- 0.342 and 1.054 +/- 0.189) than in the proximal group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry revealed that the HoxA13 protein expressions in the prepuce and urethral plate were remarkably higher in the control group (12 050 +/- 4 112 and 13 420 +/- 2 636) than in the intermedial (5 217 +/- 1 993 and 5 238 +/- 3 065) and proximal group (2 095 +/- 1 591 and 2 238 +/- 2 217) (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and so were they in the distal (8 223 +/- 3 212 and 10 450 +/- 2 123) than in the proximal group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The transcription and expression of HoxA13 in the prepuce and urethral plate of hypospadias patients are closely related with the abnormal position of the urethral meatus, and their abnormal expressions may affect the development and formation of the urethra.</p>

Effects of tadalafil on erectile dysfunction: on-demand versus once-daily dosing / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effects of tadalafil administered on demand or once a day in the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We randomly assigned 61 ED patients to three groups to receive tadalafil on demand, at 5 mg once daily, and at 10 mg once daily, respectively. After 42 days of medication, we compared the therapeutic effects among different groups using the patients' sexual encounter profile (SEP) diaries, detected the adverse reactions and assessed the safety of tadalafil.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Fifty-three (86.7%) of the patients completed the investigation, and all responded well to tadalafil medication, with a significantly improved success rate of sexual intercourse and a low rate of mild adverse effects. The mean positive rates of SEP were basically similar between the on-demand and once-daily groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>There are no significant differences in the improvement of penile erection and sexual satisfaction of ED patients treated by on-demand and once-daily administration of tadalafil.</p>

Transfection of iNOS suppresses the growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene on androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The iNOS gene was transfected into androgen-independent prostate cancer DU145 cells. The positive cells were selected as the transfected group for amplification, and an empty vector (EV) group and a control group were also set. The mRNA transcription of iNOS was analyzed by RT-PCR. The morphological changes of the cells were observed, the effect of iNOS transfection on the cell growth determined using the MTB method, and the apoptosis of DU145 cells detected by flow cytometry, followed by analysis of the effect of NOS inhibitors on the transfected cells.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>DU145 cells transfected with iNOS secreted significantly more nitric oxide ([272.50 +/- 15.82] micromol/L) than those of the EV and control groups ([122.00 +/- 18.93] micromol/L and [121.00 +/- 6.98] micromol/L) (P < 0.05). The rate of cell apoptosis was markedly enhanced in the transfected group as compared with the EV and control groups ([42.78 +/- 2.01]% vs [30.65 +/- 1.46]% and [28.96 +/- 1.50]%, P < 0.05). MTP test indicated a slower growth of the DU145 cells in the former than in the latter two (P < 0.05). NOS inhibitors enhanced their growth, but with no significance (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DU145 cells transfected with iNOS could secrete high-concentration nitric oxide, induce cell apoptosis, and suppress cell proliferation, which may provide a potentially effective gene therapy for advanced androgen-independent prostate cancer.</p>

Abnormalities of the testes and semen parameters in clinical varicocele / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the abnormal changes in the testes and semen parameters in patients with varicose veins and analyze the possible relationship between clinical varicocele and infertility.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively reviewed the records of 172 male patients consulting for varicocele in our hospital since 2003. All these patients were examined for the size of the testes with scrotal ultrasound. The semen samples of the patients with varicocele except for 5 under the age of 17 years were collected and analyzed, using the data of semen analyses of 163 healthy young male volunteers (aged 18-29 years) as control.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All the 172 patients had left-sided varicose veins. Sixty-three patients were found to have bilateral varicocele, and in most of them, the clinical grades of the left-sided varicose veins were higher than those of the right-sided ones. The mean volume of the left testis of the patients was 10.99∓3.71 ml, significantly smaller than that of the right one (11.86∓4.05 ml, P<0.01). The physiochemical indices of the patients, including the voiding volume, semen pH, liquefaction time and sperm concentration, were normal or similar with those of the healthy volunteers (P>0.05). Almost all the patients sperm motility and viability were significantly lower than those of the healthy volunteers (P<0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in the sperm density, motility or viability between the patients with unilateral and bilateral varicocele (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Varicocele may decrease the testicular volume. Both unilateral and bilateral varicocele may have an effect on the bilateral testes to cause possible functional impairment of the testes manifested by decreased sperm motility and viability.</p>

Transverse preputial island flap technique (Duckett's procedure) for hypospadias repair: a report of 356 cases / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of the transverse preputial island flap technique (Duckett's procedure) for hypospadias repair.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 356 patients with hypospadias were treated by Duckett's procedure from March 1995 to December 2010, of whom 324 (91.0%) were younger than 14 years. The length of urethra repair ranged from 1.5 to 10 cm.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total success rate of Duckett's procedure was 91.0%. Urethra fistula occurred in 30 cases, external orifice stricture in 1, and urethral anastomosis stricture in another. There were no significant differences in the rate of complications among either different age groups or different surgical times (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Duckett's procedure remains the first choice for the one-stage repair of hypospadias, especially applicable to hypospadias with chordee.</p>

Giant prostatic hyperplasia: a case report and review of the literature / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of giant prostatic hyperplasia</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 1 case of GPH, and reviewed the relevant literature published at (GPH). home and abroad.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The patient was 77 years of age. The main clinical features were increased nocturnal urine and gross hematuria. The maximum urinary flow rate was 10 ml/s, the total PSA was 37 pIg/L and the prostate volume was 11 x 10 x 8 cm. Suprapubic prostatectomy was performed successfully, and the removed prostate weighed 450 g. Pathologic examination showed the case to be benign prostatic hyperplasia. The patient was discharged 21 days after surgery, without any obvious complications. We identified 83 cases with the prostate weighing over 200 g in the domestic literature, and 14 cases with the prostate volume exceeding 500 g in the foreign literature, mostly treated by suprapubic prostatectomy and only a few by retropubic prostatectomy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>GPH, as a rare entity whose nomenclature is not yet agreed-on, can be diagnosed according to its clinical manifestations and the results of transrectal ultrasonography and prostate CT. Surgical methods most frequently adopted for its treatment include transurethral prostatectomy, transvesical suprapubic prostatectomy, retropubic prostatectomy, and laparoscopic prostatectomy.</p>

Causes, location and management of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the possible causes of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture and summarize the experience in its clinical management.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 37 cases of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture were analyzed retrospectively. The patients averaged 68.5 years in age, of whom 12 had the history of open surgery, and 25 transurethral surgery. Anterior urethral stricture was found in 6 cases, and posterior urethra in stricture 31. Thirty-five cases were treated by holmium laser urethrotomy (HLU) or a combination of HLU with transurethral resection of the scar in the stenotic segment, and the results were evaluated based on the maximum flow rate (Qmax).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Two cases of full penile urethral stricture were treated by urinary diversion, and all the rest by urethral stricture surgery. Catheters were indwelt in 4 cases of urethral stenosis for 5-7 days post-operatively, and smooth urination was achieved after their removal, with a Qmax of > 15 ml/s. Another 31 cases of membranous urethral stricture received catheter indwelling of 2 -4 weeks and were followed up for 1 - 21 (mean 11. 5) months, of whom 23 experienced satisfactory voiding, with an average Qmax of 14.3 ml/s, and the other 8 poor voiding, with a Qmax of < 8 ml/s.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HLU or a combination of HLU with transurethral resection of the scar in the stenotic segment is an effective method for the treatment of BPH surgery-related urethral stricture. And conscientiously performed BPH surgery can reduce the incidence of urethral stricture.</p>

Urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator under the ureteroscope to treat male urethrostenosis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the efficacy of urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator under the ureteroscope in the treatment of male patients with urethrostenosis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighteen male patients with urethrostenosis underwent urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator. Under the ureteroscope, a zebra-guide wire was inserted through the stenosed urethra into the bladder and the stenosis was gradually dilated with the renal sheath dilator, followed by placing a Foley catheter of proper size for 1-4 weeks. For children, the renal sheath dilator was selected according to their age, while for adults, metal dilators (> or = F20) were used following dilatation with the F18 renal sheath dilator. All the patients were followed up for 6-24 months.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The operation was successfully performed in all the 18 cases, with no urethral false passage, urethral perforation or urethra tearing. Sixteen of the patients were cured, and the other 2 received urethroplasty for stenosis recurrence. The maximum flow rate was increased to 13.6-30.2 (18.1 +/- 3.5) mL/s after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Urethral dilatation with the renal sheath dilator under the ureteroscope is a simple, safe and effective method for the treatment of urethrostenosis.</p>

Vinculin and the androgen receptor in prostate cancer: expressions and correlations / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of vinculin (VCL) and the androgen receptor (AR) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) and analyze their relationship with the clinical stage and pathological grade of PCa and the level of PSA.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We detected the expressions of VCL and AR in 18 cases of BPH and 38 cases of PCa by immunohistochemistry, analyzed the differences of VCL and AR expressions in BPH and PCa in different clinical stages and pathological grades of PCa, compared the primary levels of PSA, and studied their correlations.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rate of VCL was significantly higher in PCa than in BPH tissues (P < 0.05), while that of AR showed no significant differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). Both the expressions of VCL and AR were closely related with the clinical stage and pathological grade of PCa (P < 0.05), but not with the PSA level (P > 0.05). There was a positive correlation between the expressions of VCL and AR in PCa tissues (r = 0.489, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VCL is expressed differently in BPH and PCa, which may serve as an indicator for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant prostate diseases. The expressions of AR and VCL are gradually reduced with the progression of PCa, with a positive correlation between them, and could be used jointly to evaluate the progression and prognosis of PCa.</p>

Molecular cloning of a novel human testis-specific gene TDRG1 / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To clone a novel human testis-specific gene TDRG1.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A new contig of expression sequence tags (ESTs) Hs.180197 was identified from the testis libraries using digital differential display (DDD) to screen the novel human testis-specific gene. To validate the use of bioinformatics approaches in gene discovery, the ESTs Hs.180197, which was predicted to be testis specific, was chosen for further study. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed on different normal tissues to identify the expression of Hs.180197 in human testis. Using bioinformatics methods and IMAGE cloning of this contig, the full-length cDNA sequence of the noval human gene was cloned.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>This novel gene was 1197 bp in length, located in chromosome 6p21.1-p21.2. The sequence of the open reading frame was 504-806 bp, as confirmed by RT-PCR and sequencing in human testis. The cDNA encodes a novel protein of 100 amino acids with a theoretical molecular weight of 10 000 and isoelectric point of 6.81. The sequence shares no significant homology with any known protein in the databases. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of multiple tissues further showed that the novel gene was expressed specifically in adult human testis. Considering a possible relation of this novel gene with the function of human testis, we named this new gene TDRG1 (testis development related gene 1, GenBank accession number: DQ168992).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DDD combined with laboratory validation is an efficient method for identifying new human functional genes.</p>